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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of modified Wuhutang in the treatment of children with acute asthma. MethodA total of 130 children with acute asthma were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 65 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with modified Wuhutang and the control group was treated with procaterol hydrochloride for one week. The scores of primary symptoms （wheezing， cough， shortness of breath， and chest tightness） and secondary symptoms （mental status， runny nose， dry mouth， tongue texture， tongue coating， stool， etc.）， lung functions， immunoglobulin E （IgE） expression， eosinophil （EOS） count， and serum inflammatory factors， including interleukin （IL）-5， IL-6， IL-8， and IL-1β in two groups before and after treatment were compared. ResultThe data of 126 children were statistically analyzed. As revealed by the results， compared with the conditions before treatment， the scores of primary symptoms and secondary symptoms， serum levels of IL， IgE expression， and EOS count were both reduced in two groups （P<0.05）， lung functions were increased in the two groups（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed decreased scores of cough and secondary symptoms （P<0.05）， and insignificant decrease in IL-1β （P<0.05）. The improvement in lung functions， IgE expression， and EOS count in observation group was equivalent to that in control group. ConclusionModified Wuhutang for treatment of acute asthma in children （phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome） can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms， improve lung functions， and reduce IgE， IL-5， IL-6， IL-8， IL-1β expression levels and EOS count， and its overall clinical efficacy is superior or equivalent to that of tprocaterol hydrochloride.
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Objective:To establish a supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC) method for separating and purifying costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone in Aucklandiae Radix. Method:With supercritical carbon dioxide as the mobile phase,the effect of six factors, such as type of chromatographic columns,modifiers and modifiers ratio, flow rate of mobile phase,pressure and temperature, on the separation process of supercritical fluid chromatography were explored. The target components were separated and prepared by semi-preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to analyze the components and study the thermodynamic regularity of the chromatographic process. Result:C18 column (10 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was adopted, with supercritical fluid dioxide as the mobile phase,the ratio of methanol was 0.13%,the flow rate was 12 mL·min-1,column pressure was 13 MPa,column temperature was 318℃, and detection wavelength was 225 nm. The sample was injected for 20 times,crude extract was 4 mg,and each target component was collected according to the chromatogram. Its purity was determined to be more than 99%by HPLC,and its structure was determined as costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone by NMR. Under this condition,the SFC separation process was normal-phase chromatography. Conclusion:The method can be used to prepare effective components of Aucklandiae Radix with a high purity and low solvent residue.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs on electrocardiogram QTc. Methods A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled from May 22, 2016 to May 22, 2017, and antipsychotics were treated. Of the 26 patients, haloperidol was treated with haloperidol and 34 patients were treated with chlorine Propoxazine treatment, 19 patients were treated with sulpiride, 21 patients were treated with perphenazine, followed by analysis of different drugs after treatment of ECG changes, before and after treatment QT / QTc interval>400 ms incidence. Results QT was (376.36 ± 12.18) ms and QTc was (414.96 ± 14.56) ms after haloperidol treatment, and the QT was (378.15 ± 15.43) ms and the QTc was (407.36 ± 12.75) ms after perphenazine treatment; After treatment, QT was (382.15 ± 13.85) ms and QTc was (401.86 ± 15.86) ms. QT was (382.12 ± 13.24) ms and QTc was (396.35 ± 12.05) ms after chlorpromazine treatment. (P <0.05). The QT / QTc interval was more than 400 hours after treatment (P <0.05). The incidence of QT / QTc interval> 400ms after haloperidol treatment was higher than that before treatment (P <0.05), chlorpromazine, sulpiride, There was no difference in the rate . Conclusion Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs can affect the ECG QTc.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs on electrocardiogram QTc. Methods A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled from May 22, 2016 to May 22, 2017, and antipsychotics were treated. Of the 26 patients, haloperidol was treated with haloperidol and 34 patients were treated with chlorine Propoxazine treatment, 19 patients were treated with sulpiride, 21 patients were treated with perphenazine, followed by analysis of different drugs after treatment of ECG changes, before and after treatment QT / QTc interval>400 ms incidence. Results QT was (376.36 ± 12.18) ms and QTc was (414.96 ± 14.56) ms after haloperidol treatment, and the QT was (378.15 ± 15.43) ms and the QTc was (407.36 ± 12.75) ms after perphenazine treatment; After treatment, QT was (382.15 ± 13.85) ms and QTc was (401.86 ± 15.86) ms. QT was (382.12 ± 13.24) ms and QTc was (396.35 ± 12.05) ms after chlorpromazine treatment. (P <0.05). The QT / QTc interval was more than 400 hours after treatment (P <0.05). The incidence of QT / QTc interval> 400ms after haloperidol treatment was higher than that before treatment (P <0.05), chlorpromazine, sulpiride, There was no difference in the rate . Conclusion Long-term use of antipsychotic drugs can affect the ECG QTc.
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Estrogen is one of the steroid hormones. Besides the genomic action mediated by its intracellular receptor on target cells, there is now increasing body of evidence indicating that estrogen also has non-genomic action. For the non-genomic action, estrogen binds to its receptor on cell membrane, subsequently rapidly activates various intracellular signaling pathways, such as PLC/Ca(2+), ERK/MAPK, cAMP-PKA, PI3K-AKT-NOS, and finally induces biological effects. The non-genomic effects of estrogen on physiologic and pathologic processes have been found in many tissues within the reproductive, nervous and cardiovascular systems and bone etc. In reproductive system, it has been demonstrated that estrogen plays important roles in follicle development, fertilization and embryo implantation, and it is involved in the genesis and development of genital tract tumors and breast cancer. In this review, we focus on the general characteristics of non-genomic action of estrogen, its main nonnuclear signaling pathways and physiological and pathological significance, especially its influences in female reproductive functions.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Estrogens , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Reproduction , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of tinnitus frequency on medication and prognosis in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two patients (Ninety-three ears) diagnosed as chronic subjective tinnitus were studied from October 2010 to March 2011. All cases were divided into low frequency(twenty-three ears), medium frequency(fourteen ears) and high frequency (fifty-six ears) according to tinnitus matching test. All cases were treated with microcirculation promotion and steroid therapy (5% glucose 250 ml + ginkgo biloba extract 87.5 mg + dexamethasone 10 mg intravenous drip). Curative effect was evaluated and the factors of prognosis were analyzed after three weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After medication, results were acquired as follows: recovery in 0 ear (0%), excellent in 0 ear (0%), effective in 18 ears (19.4%), invalid in 75 ear (80.6%). The effective percentage was 39.1%, 35.7% and 7.1%, respectively. There was significant difference between these groups, but no significant difference between low frequency and medium frequency. Logistic regression analysis showed that the difference of frequency was significant prognostic factors for medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Microcirculation promotion and steroid therapy had a poor treatment effect in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus. The prognosis of chronic low-medium frequency tinnitus was better than chronic high frequency tinnitus. The difference of frequency retained significant influence on effects and prognosis of medication.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease , Prognosis , Tinnitus , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression and distribution of metallothionein 2 (MT-2) in middle ear cholesteatoma, and to explore the relationship of MT-2 with interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and well as to explore the role of MT-2 in the pathogenetic mechanism of middle ear cholesteatoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of MT-2, IL-1α and IL-6 protein and MT-2 mRNA in twenty-five middle ears' cholesteatoma and seven normal external ears' canal skin. The influence of cholesteatoma debris on the MT-2 mRNA and protein of HaCaT cell were further analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to immunohistochemistry research, the expressions of MT-2, IL-1α and IL-6 were extremely higher in middle ear cholesteatoma than those in normal external ears' canal skin (P < 0.05). The result of RT-PCR showed that there was significant difference between the expression of MT-2 mRNA of and middle ear cholesteatoma than those in normal external ear canal skin (t = 15.38, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of MT-2 and that of IL-1α (r = 0.856, P < 0.05). There was also positive correlation between the expression of MT-2 and that of IL-6 (r = 0.714, P < 0.05). MT-2 mRNA and protein of HaCaT cell significantly increased when exposed to cholesteatoma debris in a dose dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MT-2, IL-1α and IL-6 may play an important role in the pathogenetic process of middle ear cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma debris may involve in the proliferation of middle ear cholesteatoma by activation of MT-2.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear , Metabolism , Interleukin-1 , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Metallothionein , MetabolismABSTRACT
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of progesterone-induced expression of cyclin G1 on the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. To obtain mouse endometrial epithelial cells, the uteri were isolated from ovariectomized mice which were injected subcutaneously with 100 ng estradiol per day for two days. Then the uteri were digested by dispase and pancreatin respectively. Endometrial epithelial cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 containing 6% fetal bovine serum, and divided into four groups when they grew to confluence. Each of the groups was treated as follows: Group E was treated with 0.01 micromol/L estradiol only, group P was treated with 1 micromol/L progesterone, group EP was treated with both 0.01 micromol/L estradiol and 1 micromol/L progesterone, and group C was treated with 0.01% DMSO for control. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the expression of cyclin G1 protein. MTT assay was used to evaluate metabolic activity of cells. Flow cytometry was used to check the number of cells distributing in each phase of the cell cycle. The result of immunocytochemistry showed that there was no expression of cyclin G1 protein in group C and group E, while cyclin G1 was obviously expressed in group P and group EP and localized in nucleus. In the MTT assay, compared with group C, the viability of group E significantly increased, while that of both group P and group EP decreased significantly. The results of flow cytometry were in accordance with those of MTT, which showed that compared with group C, group E had a higher proportion of cells in S phase, while group P, as well as group EP had a lower proportion of cells in S phase but a higher proportion in G1 phase and G2/M phase. These results indicate that progesterone could induce cyclin G1 expression in the primary culture of mouse endometrial epithelial cells, meanwhile inhibit the proliferation of cells and block the cell cycle progression. Thus, progesterone-induced expression of cyclin G1 is probably a negative factor in regulating cell cycle, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of progesterone on the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Cell Cycle , Cell Division , Cell Proliferation , Cyclin G1 , Metabolism , Epithelial Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Estradiol , Pharmacology , Flow Cytometry , Ovariectomy , Progesterone , Pharmacology , Uterus , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression and distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in nasal polyps, to explore the relationship of HIF-1alpha with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and to investigate the role of HIF-1alpha in the pathogenetic mechanism of nasal polyps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the techniques of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, iNOS protein and HIF-1alpha mRNA were examined. The specimens were obtained from patients underwent SMR surgery during the same period, including thirty-one nasal polyps and ten inferior turbinate tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to immunohistochemical research, the expressions of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and iNOS were higher in nasal polyps than those in inferior turbinate tissue (P < 0.01); The result of RT-PCR showed that there was no significant difference between the expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA in nasal polyps and inferior turbinate tissues (P > 0.05); No correlation was found between the expression of HIF-1alpha and the clinical stages of nasal polyps (F = 0.42, P > 0.05); There was a positive correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and that of VEGF (r = 0.630, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the expression of HIF-1alpha and that of Inos (r = 0.144, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the mRNA level of HIF-1alpha did not change much, the expression of its protein was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in inferior turbinate tissues. There was no correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and the clinical stages. A positive correlation was found between HIF-1alpha and VEGF, but no correlation was detected between the HIF-1alpha and iNOS. In conclusion, our study indicates that hypoxia may play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism of nasal polyps.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Metabolism , Nasal Polyps , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Survivin highly overexpresses in the most of human tumors, and it may play an important role in the development of tumor. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of survivin antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) on the proliferation and the apoptosis of human Hep-2 cell.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hep-2 cells were transfected with survivin ASODN mediated by lipofectamine, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] method was used to observe the cell growth inhibitory rate, the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis rate. Kinase activity test was used to detect the changes of caspase-3 activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Survivin ASODN obviously inhibited the cell growth of Hep-2 cells after transfection. After transfected with survivin ASODN the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein of Hep-2 cells were down-regulated, and apoptosis rate was significantly increased. The activity of caspase-3 increased highly in Hep-2 cells transfected with survivin ASODN, which showed time-dependent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Survivin ASODN could inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cell and induced apoptosis through down-regulating the the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins , Pharmacology , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Hep G2 Cells , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Genetics , Pharmacology , Oligonucleotides, Antisense , Pharmacology , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen and evaluate the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25 phosphatase.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The affinity chromatography purified glutashione-S-transferase/Cdc25A phosphatase fusion protein and Cdc2/cyclin B from the extracts of starfish M phase oocytes are used as the cell cycle-specific targets for screening the antimitotic constituents. We tested 9 extracts isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbs and vegetables including the agents currently used in cancer treatment by measuring the inhibition of Cdc25A phosphatase and Cdc2 kinase activity. The antitumor activity of the extracts was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cdc25A inhibitory activity and antitumor activity are detected in the extracts isolated from three Chinese medicinal herbs Agrimona pilosa; Herba solani lyrati; Galla chinesis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We found three extracts isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs have potential inhibitory activity of Cdc25 phosphatase using a highly specific mechanism-based screen assay for antimitotic drug discovery.</p>